Beyond the future

2011-12-08T05:19:00.000-08:00

Radiocarbon method

2008-08-08T07:05:00.001-07:00

Willard Labby (NP 1986) developed radiocarbon dating in 1947. This method is based on presence of radioactive carbon 14C in the atmosphere, which is produced by cosmic rays. Cosmic rays mainly consist of high-energy protons and alpha particles. Cosmic rays interacting with certain nuclei produce thermal neutrons, which in tern react with 14N and produce 14C.14C is radioactive and decays to 14N with a half-life of 5715uears. The two processes are in equilibrium and the ratio of the concentration of the two carbon isotopes in the atmosphere remains constant at about one 14C atom per 1000000000000 atoms of 12C. As a result, each gram of carbon has an activity of about 12 decays per minute. 14C atoms found in the atmosphere are oxidized to Carbon dioxide and absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and eventually get in to all living matter. When the living matter is dead, no new 14C are added and the concentration of 14C in dead matter decreases with time due to the decay of 14C. By determining decay rate of 14C in a biological sample, its age can be computed. For example if a sample has an activity of 6 decays per minute per gram of carbon, then the original activity has been reduced by half, and the sample must be one half life old.

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Age of empire- cheat

2008-07-14T02:31:00.000-07:00

Do you like to play strategic games? Then, I think you played that. Here I have some cheats for the game. If you like, you can play the game with the cheats. That is fantastic.

PEANUTBUTTER 1,000,000 food, wood, gold, and stone,
BIGDADDY coolest Cart with Rocket launcher
BIG BERTHA Catapult has range of 16 and area effect diameter of 10
FLYING DUTCHMAN Juggernaught can move on land
HOYOHOYO gives Priest speed of 6 and 600 hit points
ICBM Ballista has range of 100
NO FOG turns off Fog of War
REVEAL MAP reveals entire map
STEROIDS turns on quick build
HARI KARI destroys all of your buildings and units
HOME RUN gives you instant victory in a scenario
DIEDIEDIE everyone (including you) dies
RESIGN you resign
REVEAL MAP reveals the entire map
PEPPERONI PIZZA gives you 1,000 foods
COINAGE gives you 1,000 gold
WOODSTOCK gives you 1,000 woods
QUARRY gives you 1,000 stone
MEDUSA All People are Medusa
PHOTON MAN You become a Fighter with Laser anon
GAIA Control the Animals
KILLX kill Player in Position X (1-8)
DARK RAIN all composite bowmen become stealth archers
JACK BE NIMLE catapults fire out cows and villagers
killercroc buildings are built fast
BLACK RIDER creates a new unit
VICTORY Go to next level

I think now you can easily finish the age of empire game.

Cheats- Tomb Raider

2008-07-13T09:08:00.001-07:00

Hey did you play the Tomb Raider game. That is the wonderful game in my play list. This is the adventure game and created according to the “Tomb Raider” film. Therefore, I have some chats for this game. You can use those things while you are playing this game.

# ALL GUN- While playing walk forward once [hold shift and press up], Then walk
Backwards once [hold shift and press down] hold
Right until she does a 1080, [3 turns] then do a back flip.
You will hear a click if you have done this code right.

# GAME TIP- To ride on a raptor or a t-rex at the lost valley, just
Shoot the dinosaur 2 times with your shotgun and turn
Around and do a back flip to ride on it (this cheat needs
A lot of practice to succeed so just be patient if it
doesn’t\'t work)

Just check those things and get some fun.

NFS Most Wanted Cheat

2008-07-13T09:04:00.000-07:00

Hey are you addicting to computer games. Then you must play the NFS most wanted. That is the top class car game. Did you finish that? That is difficult to complete lass section of the game. You have to drive your car at least over ten minutes because of the cops. Hey, I have some chats for you. Try to use them for your game. However, try to play the game with out cheat. That is the real game experience.

# iammostwanted - unlocked cars
# givemethegto - release the GTO
# burgerking - unlocks burgerking challenge in the challenge series
# castro - unlocks a Ford GT with castrol decals

Use this cheat and be the Most Wanted

Are you an intelligent or stupid person

2008-07-12T21:13:00.001-07:00

check whether you are intelligent or stupid

read more | digg story

How to escape from pen drive virus

2008-07-10T23:08:00.000-07:00

Do you know one of the best ways for virus moving is pen drives? This is a headache. Can you think about how to prevent pen drive virus? You can follow simple method for that.
1. First you should disable the auto run option in your pen drive.
2. Then plugs in your pen and open any folder in your computer without open any folder in your pen.
3. Go to tools>folder option and mark the “show hidden files and folders option”. In addition, uncheck “hide extension for known files types and hide protected OS files”
4. Then get start menu and chose search option for files and folders. In the search option, click on all files and folders and click advance option and select search-hidden files and folders.
5. The look in option and select your pen drive and search.
6. Then if you can see, any unknown “.Exe” files delete them all.

Now you can use your pen with out virus threat.

Do you want to read deleted SMS?

2008-07-07T05:48:00.000-07:00

We know, a SMS once deleted cannot be read again. If deleted your valuable SMS accidentally, now you can resolve your problem using following method.
1. Use any system explorer or file explorer program and open file explorer setup.
2. Select drive, which is SMS massage have been saved.
3. Open “system” folder in that drive.
4. Then open “mail” folder in “system” folder.
5. In this folder, you will see different folders (e.g. - 0010001_s) and certain files (e.g. 00100000).
6. These files are the actual massages. Browse through every folder and open all files until you get the SMS you are looking for.

Just check this method.

Are you an intelligent or stupid person???

2008-07-06T08:27:00.001-07:00

Are some people clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. to some extent out intelligence is giving is giving us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. if on the other hand we take identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggest that intelligence depend on birth. Imagine now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for an example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who lives in close contract with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.

Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy

2008-06-19T20:36:00.000-07:00

The UV and Visible range consist of;
Far UV; λ- 200nm less useful for organic chemists as vacuum equipment necessary for study.
Near UV; λ 200-400 nm. Colorless UV active compounds absorb in this region. Quartz cells are needs to study the 200-300nm. Region since glass absorb below 300nm.
Visible λ 400(violet)-800(red) nm- colored compound is proportional to the number of absorbing molecules in its path.

Chemical reaction

2008-06-17T05:33:00.000-07:00

The rate law of a chemical reaction is the relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentration terms. If the rate law of a chemical reaction takes the form rate equals a product of a constant and concentration terms raised to some small numbers then the orders with respect to components, the overall order and the rate constants are definable. If the rate law takes the required form then the order of the reaction with respect to a given component is the power to which the concentration of the said component is raised in the rate law.

The sum of the powers to which the concentration terms are raised in the rate law is called the overall order of the reaction. The proportionality constant between the rate and the concentration terms appearing in the rate law is called the rate constant of the reaction provided that the rate law takes the required form. The rate constant of a chemical reaction depends only on temperature.

Sound waves

2008-06-10T11:08:00.000-07:00

Sound waves are longitudinal waves propagated through a material by the transfer of energy from one molecule to another. The material medium can be gases, liquid or solids. When a sound wave travels through a medium, the particles in the medium vibrate, about their equilibrium positions to produce density and pressure changes along the direction of motion of the wave. This result in a series of high and low-pressure regions called condensations or compressions and rarefactions respectively. The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium.
Generally, velocity of sound in solids is grater than the velocity of sounds in gases. Examples for some uses of sound waves- ships use sound ranging gear to detect under water obstacles, oil explorers use them to search for oil underground, submarines use them to detect other moving ships or submarines, ultra sonic scanning to detect abnormalities in human bodies and the fetus.

Beats

2008-06-05T11:07:00.000-07:00

Arise due to superposition of two sound waves with slightly different frequencies traveling in the same direction. The two waves heard at a giving point will be periodically in and out of phase. There will be an alternation in time between constructive and destructive interference. This is referred to as interference in time or temporal interference. (The interference considered earlier was spatial interference). An example when two tuning forks of slightly different frequency are struck one hears a sound of pulsating intensity (alternating loud and soft sound), called a beat.
Beat is the periodic variation in intensity at a given point due to the superposition of two waves having slightly different frequencies.

Beat frequency= number of beats per second heard= difference in frequency between the two sources.

Emotional changes during adolescence

2008-05-28T11:06:00.000-07:00

Things that happen around you can affect your emotions. Your emotions also have a lot to do with what is happening inside you. This is especially true during your teen years. Teens often experience sudden changes of emotion. Your hormones are partly responsible for these shifts. Hormones are powerful chemicals, produced by glands that regulate many body functions.
During your teen years, hormones cause rapid changes in your body. They can cause emotional changes, too. The results can be confusing. One minute you feel on top of the world. The next minute you are down in the dumps, in short you are having mood swings.

Doppler Effect

2008-05-24T08:56:00.000-07:00

When a vehicle sounding its horn moves towards you, the frequency of the sound heard is higher. When the vehicle moves away, the frequency appears to be lower. This is an example of Doppler Effect.

Doppler Effect is experienced whenever there is a relative motion between the source and the observer. (Proposed by christen Doppler in 1842).

Doppler Effect holds not only for sound waves but also for EM waves including microwaves, radio waves and light waves.

Police use Doppler Effect with microwaves to determine the speed of vehicles. Astronomers use the Doppler effect of light to determine the relative motion of stars, galaxies etc. Astronomers have measured wavelength shifts of light reaching earth from distant stars and galaxies and found they all show red shifts it is mean Stars and galaxies are moving away from the earth.
Einstein’s theory of relativity shows that the Doppler Effect for light depends only on the relative motion between the source of light and the detector.

Van Allen radiation belt

2008-05-12T09:01:00.000-07:00

The earth magnetic field is not uniform. Electrons and Protons coming from outer space and trapped in the earth magnetic field.
Then Van Allen radiation belt formed.

Expressing your emotions

2008-05-05T08:54:00.000-07:00

As you have learned, emotions are neither good nor bad. It is the way you express, or release, them that counts. Holding emotions inside you can be damaging to all sides of your health triangle. These include:

Physical health- trouble sleeping, sleeping too much, stomachaches, headaches.

Mental/ emotional health- tension, trouble concentrating, anger, being disorganized.

Social health- arguments with friends or family members, violent behavior, withdrawing from others, sulking.

The good news is that you can learn to express emotions in healthful ways.

Chemical kinetics

2008-04-28T08:54:00.000-07:00

Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions. The rate of a reaction is a measure of how fast the products are formed and how fast the reactants are consumed in the reaction. The mechanism of a reaction is a detailed description of the sequence of individual steps leading from reactants to products. The net equation for a reaction ignores these steps, and shows instead only the overall result of the sequence of steps in the reactions mechanism.

Much of our knowledge of reaction mechanism comes from studies of reaction rates and how the rates are influenced by various factors. Rate of a chemical reaction refers to how rapidly a reactant is consumed or a product is formed during a chemical reaction. This can be measured as an average rate or an instantaneous rate. The average rate of disappearance of reactant (or formation of a product) in a constant volume homogeneous reaction is defined as the fraction obtained by dividing the change in concentration of the substance during the time interval during which the average rate is measured, by the time interval.

Practicing abstinence (Part-2)

2008-04-26T08:52:00.000-07:00

Abstinence is referring to participate in health-risk behaviors. When you practice abstinence, you avoid situations that are dangerous. This protects your health and the health others.

Sometimes, your peers may pressure you to take part in dangerous or unhealthy behaviors. Times like these really test your emotions. You want to maintain your friendships, but you also want to make healthful decisions. It may help to remember that friends who do dangerous things could get in to trouble. Being around them may get you in to trouble, too. It could also cost you the respect of parents and other people you care about. You could even lose respect for your self.

Practicing abstinence (Part-1)

2008-04-15T08:51:00.000-07:00

Everybody has some basic emotional needs, such as the need to be loved and accepted. Unfortunately, some teens try to fill their emotional needs by engaging in risky behavior. These teens may join gangs. Some may sue tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs. Other may become sexually active. Thee behaviors, however do not really meet emotional needs. Dealing with emotions in healthy includes resisting these kinds of unhealthy behaviors.

To be continued….

Stress: a nature part of life

2008-04-14T08:50:00.000-07:00

Sampath is going to be the quarterback this afternoon, but he has only played this position once. His mouth feels dry and his stomach feels like butterflies are fluttering inside it. Ganga has just found out that she won the part she wanted in the school play. Her heart is pounding. What is going on?

Sampath and Ganga feel stress. Stress is your body’s response to changes around you. Ordinary events like forgetting a locker combination or taking a test can cause stress. Big changes like starting a new school, parents divorcing, or a friend moving away also create stress. No matter what the situation, try to remember that stress is a nature part of life.